Air spring was born in the mid-19th century

Air spring features:
① With nonlinear characteristics, its characteristic curve can be designed into an ideal shape;
② Light weight, small internal friction, good vibration isolation and noise elimination ability for high-frequency vibration;
③ The stiffness and bearing capacity can be adjusted by adjusting the internal pressure of the rubber airbag;
④ The manufacturing process is complex and the cost is high. The air spring can be divided into three types according to the deformation mode during operation: capsule type, membrane type and hybrid type.
The elastic deformation of the bag type air spring mainly depends on the flexion of the rubber bag; The elastic deformation of membrane air spring mainly depends on the curling of rubber air bag; The hybrid air spring has both the above two deformation modes.
The bladder air spring can be divided into single, hyperbolic and multi-curve bladder air springs according to the number of bends of the rubber bladder. The structure of membrane air spring is to place a cylindrical rubber air bag between the cover plate and the base, and realize the overall expansion and contraction through the deflection deformation of the air bag. In its normal working range, the change of spring stiffness of membrane air spring is smaller than that of capsule air spring. At the same time, the change rate of its effective area can be controlled by changing the shape of the base to obtain ideal elastic characteristics. The change rate of the effective area of the membrane air spring is also smaller than that of the capsule spring. Therefore, the membrane air spring can also obtain a lower natural vibration frequency when the auxiliary air chamber is smaller. According to the connection mode of the rubber airbag mouth and the interface, it can be divided into restraint mode and free mode air spring. The air spring seal in restraint mode is generally clamped and sealed with bolts; The free mode air spring is self-sealed by the pressure inside the airbag. The base is mostly made of deep-drawn steel plate or light cast steel, and the surface is chrome plated to reduce the friction between the airbag and the base.
Air spring was born in the middle of the 19th century and was used for vibration reduction of mechanical equipment in the early stage. Because of its numerous advantages, it has been widely used in the fields of modern highway and rail transit vehicles and industrial machinery.